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Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections

Introduction

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections transmitted mainly through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral and anal sex. More than 30 different types of bacteria, viruses and parasites are known to be sexually transmitted.

Some sexually transmitted infections (they are also called venereal diseases) can also be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Some are transmitted through the exchange of body fluids, like blood (for example, a needle). Some can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding, 

For some STIs, girls are physiologically more vulnerable to infection than boys. Responsive anal sex increases the risk of infection (for both boys and girls). Social factors also affect the likelihood of transmission.

Certain parasites, such as pubic lice and scabies, can also be transmitted through sexual contact. STIs are part of a larger group of infections known as reproductive tract infections.

Eight (8) pathogens are linked to the highest spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Of these, 4 are currently curable: syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis. The other 4 are incurable viral infections: hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV, and human papilloma virus (HPV).

  • STIs can have serious consequences beyond the immediate impact of the infection itself:
  • STIs such as herpes, gonorrhea and syphilis can increase the risk of HIV infection.
  • Mother-to-child transmission of STIs can lead to stillbirth or death newborn, low birth weight and prematurity, sepsis, serious eye infections in newborns, and birth defects.
  • HPV infection causes cervical and other cancers.
  • Hepatitis B resulted in approximately 820,000 deaths worldwide in 2019, mostly from cirrhosis and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma).
  • STIs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia are major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in couples.

More info on STIs/HIV see YK PODCAST #4: What might be my risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCoFOxLGpH8&t=4s

Galina Lesco, Obstetrician gynaecologist, Head of YFHC NEOVITA, Founder and coordinator of the Health for Youth Association.

Dorina Lesco, Obstetrician gynaecologist, YFHC NEOVITA; resident doctor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SUMPh "Nicolae Testemitanu"

Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, how they can be detected?

Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, how do they manifest?

How sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, can be prevented

How sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, can be treated

Peculiarities in the course, prevention and treatment of the main sexually transmitted infections

HIV/AIDS

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